Cobamamide (AdoCbl), which is also known as adenosylcobalamin and dibencozide, is, along with methylcobalamin (MeCbl), one of the active forms of vitamin B₁₂.

Dimethylglycine (DMG) is a derivative of the amino acid glycine found in beans and liver. It can be formed from trimethylglycine upon the loss of one of its methyl groups. It is also a byproduct of the metabolism of choline.

Folic acid (also known as vitamin B9 or folacin) and folate (the naturally occurring form), as well as pteroyl-L-glutamic acid and pteroyl-L-glutamate, are forms of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Folic acid is itself not biologically active with its biological importance being due to tetrahydrofolate and other derivatives after its conversion to dihydrofolic acid in the liver.

Folic acid (also known as vitamin B9 or folacin) and folate (the naturally occurring form), as well as pteroyl-L-glutamic acid and pteroyl-L-glutamate, are forms of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Folic acid is itself not biologically active with its biological importance being due to tetrahydrofolate and other derivatives after its conversion to dihydrofolic acid in the liver.