4-Aminobenzoic acid (also known as para-aminobenzoic acid or PABA) is an organic compound with the formula H₂NC₆H₄CO₂H. PABA is a white crystalline substance that is only slightly soluble in water. It consists of a benzene ring substituted with an amino group and a carboxyl group.

Amygdalin C₂₀H₂₇NO₁₁, is a glycoside initially isolated from the seeds of the tree prunus amara, also known as bitter almonds, by Pierre-Jean Robiquet[1] and A. F. Boutron-Charlard in 1803, and subsequently investigated by Liebig and Wöhler in 1830, and others.

Biotin, also known as vitamin H or B7, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin which is composed of an ureido (tetrahydroimidizalone) ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring.

Cobamamide (AdoCbl), which is also known as adenosylcobalamin and dibencozide, is, along with methylcobalamin (MeCbl), one of the active forms of vitamin B₁₂.