Toluene

NO2C6H4CH3 Yellow powder that melts at 15°C; insoluble in water; used in organic synthesis.

NO2C6H4CH3 A yellow liquid boiling at 220.4°C; insoluble in water; used to produce toluidine and dyes.

NO2C6H4CH3 Yellow crystals that melt at 51.7°C; insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol; used to produce toluidine and to manufacture dyes.

Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is a toxic, white crystalline solid. Its chemical formula is C6H5OH and its structure is that of a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a phenyl ring, making it an aromatic compound.

Toluene, also known as methylbenzene, or toluol, is a clear water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, reminiscent of the related compound benzene. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial feedstock and as a solvent. Like other solvents, toluene is also used as an inhalant drug for its intoxicating properties; however this causes severe neurological harm.

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is an aromatic diisocyanate. It is produced for reaction with polyols to form polyurethanes. It exists in two isomers, 2,4-TDI (CAS: 584-84-9) and 2,6-TDI (CAS: 91-08-7). 2,4-TDI is produced in the pure state, but TDI is often marketed as 80/20 and 65/35 mixtures of the 2,4 and 2,6 isomers respectively.

The term xylene or xylol refers to a mixture of three aromatic hydrocarbon isomers which is used as a solvent in the printing, rubber, and leather industries. Xylene is a clear, colorless, sweet-smelling liquid that is very flammable. It is usually refined from crude oil in a process called alkylation.